The prevalence of cancer has increased significantly in elderly people due to the overlap of some molecular pathways between cancer and aging. Studies show that aging and age-related conditions canbe affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, dietary habits can effect on the aging process, too differential responses to dietary changes due to variations in genetic backgrounds. In thisarticle, we focus on cellular processes, including telomerase activity, bioenergetics, DNA repair, and oxidative stress, that is linked to both aging and cancer risks. The Nutrigenomics mean that the bioactive elements of foods can effect on the human genome, including the expression of genes and gene products; as a result of this change, dietary patterns may alter multiple processes, such as aging,also the onset, progression and severity of several diseases, including cancer. Understanding of nutrientsignaling pathways leads to identifying nutritional changes that can delay the aging process andassociated changes, including cancer. Searching for related publications was done using keywords ″ nutrigenomics ″ AND ″ cancer ″ in PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase databases. The process of agingand cancer is mainly influenced by dietary factors. It is obvious that calorie limitation does not ever increase longevity, but it may augment years of the healthy life by decreasing morbidity. The optimalnutritional condition may differ from individual to individual based on the genetic and microbiome backgrounds. Overall, the effectiveness of antiaging and anticancer agents may be operated through themodification of a molecular target that is autonomous of its antioxidant features. Today, because of conflicting findings about the link between components of foods and aging or age-related diseases, scientists have faced with challenge for drawing firm conclusions. Therefore, we need too many studies about the basis of Nutrigenomics that could provide the essential proof for the estimation of the trueeffectiveness of dietary interventions. To maximize the efficiency of nutritional interventions, it is critical to recognize not only the factors underlying chronic diseases adjust by nutrients, but also the nutritional status to be reached to provide the longest health lifespan for a specific genetic background