Perspectives Of Non-Coding RNAs In Cancer Diagnostics And Therapeutic

Cancer represents a complex group of heterogeneous diseases. While many cancers sharefundamental biological processes (hallmarks of cancer) necessary for their development andprogression, cancers also distinguish themselves by their dependence on distinct oncogenicpathways. Over the last decade, targeted therapies have been introduced to the clinic with variablesuccess. Non-coding RNAs represent key regulators of gene expression.Improved knowledge oftheir biogenesis and function may in turn lead to a better understanding of the heterogeneity ofmalignancies and eventually be leveraged as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets.Overwhelming evidence now suggests that small non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs and Long noncodingRNA can be useful tools as biomarkers for molecular diagnostics. miRNAs can serve asbiomarkers in a variety of diseases, such as cancer and Long non-coding RNA expression profiles inhuman cancers have highlighted the potential value of this class of non-coding RNAs as tumormarkers in patient diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we provide a perspective on emergingconcepts in the clinical application of miRNA and LncRNA as biomarkers in cancer with an eye on theeventual integration of both miRNA and other non-coding RNA biology into our understanding ofcancer pathogenesis and treatment.The selected publications were identified by using up-to-dateelectronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar. Searching of thepublished data was in accordance with the systematic reviews guidelines of tumour markerprognostic studies (REMARK), as described previously. The following key words were used for thesearch: long non-coding RNA or lncRNA , micro RNA , cancer or carcinoma or tumour orneoplasia or neoplasm or malignancy or sarcoma . Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcripts thathave no apparent protein-coding capacity; however, many ncRNAs have been found to play a majorbiological role in human physiology. Their deregulation is implicated in many human diseases.Here, we summarize recent data about the biological characteristics of this non coding RNA incancer pathways. We also consider the medical implications, and discuss how this can be used forcancer diagnosis and prognosis, and serve as potential therapeutic targets.