Facts and Theories through Literature Review

Introduction: Human everyday life is full of stress and strain, so that thepresent century is called stress era. Unfortunately, here is no literatureintegration about stress. The aim of the present paper is to make a theoreticalintegrative consensus in stress modalities.Methods: The design of the present study was systematic review. Inclusioncriteria were subjective relevance to study keywords (include stress, stresscontrol, stress reduction, social stress, community stress, group stress, stressincrease, stress side effects, stress resources, stress stages, stress types), beingpublished by academic and/or scientific resource, and publication period(between January, 1, 1990 and March, 20, 2015). Using Jadad scale, thoseclinical trial papers with 2 and upper were selected. Delphi method used toform the structure of final results. Results were collected by content analysis.Results: Eleven major definitions, three main classifications, three fundamentalexplanatory perspectives, occupational stress and related issues, job burnoutand related issues, biological and neuropsychological bases, related constructs(anxiety, homeostasis, allostasis), spiritual/religious/Islamic perspectives, stressoutcomes, and multiple relations between stress and culture were presented anddiscussed.Conclusion: The present study was an effort to make a theoretical unity ofthought in studies about stress. According to the results, it appears that stresscannot be investigated via unimodal studies, and there is a great need toincorporate BioPsychoSocioSpiritual perspective in analyses and futureframeworks of stress studies

کلیدواژه ها:

Stress ، Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis ، Homeostasis ، Allostasis ، Cultural stress ، ioPsychoSocioSpiritual model ، Systematic Review ، JadadMethod ، Delphi Method