A Review on Paraphilias

Sexual deviations are disorders in which the individual has fantasies, sexual desires orbehaviors that are repetitive and sexually provocative and often include inhumane issuesfor at least 6 months. Since these people usually make various legal problemsfor both themselves and others, this disorder is of special interest. Different modelshave discussed on the etiology of sexual deviations among of which the special psychoanalysisof Freud have investigated this disorder more comprehensively. In Freudian’spsychoanalysis, sexual deviation has a neurosis structure and shows that sexualdeviated has in fact accepted the deprivation of the mother, but is still trying to returnto the bosom of the mother and the denying father. Also, in self-psychology the sexualdeviant who has had wrong repeating scenarios in regards to his/hers relationship withparents or as a sadistic seeks to create a temporary and false glorious sense of confidence,to create a grandiose "self" who is self- sufficient and does not need anyone.In many cases body organ justifications are also considered for sexual deviations.Among the examined patients in psychiatric clinics, 74% had hormone level disorders,27% had neurologic symptoms, 24%, had chromosomal disorders, 9% had epilepsy,4% had abnormal EEG, 4% had major psychiatric disorders , and 4% had mentalretardation .Some sources propose 9 identifications for sexual deviation which include:Fetishism, Pedophilia, Exhibitionism, Voyeurism, Sexual Masochism, SexualSadism, Transvestic fetishism, Frotteurism and Paraphilias. The treatment of sexualdeviations has great complexity due to its coincidnce with psychiatric disorders suchas personality disorders, as well as other factors such as the patients’ shame and modestyand not stating their problems. The treatment of sexual deviation is considered tohave four general purposes including a) reducing sexual desires b) giving insight andunderstanding to the patient c) controlling external stimuli d) treating concurrent disorders.The treatment of sexual deviation involves extensive ranges of biological therapiesto mental therapies. One of the major approaches to psychotherapy in the treatmentof sexual deviations is the insight oriented approach that causes a person to improvehis interpersonal skills and to find an acceptable method for sexual gratification.Treatment in groups through specific procedures and guidelines and practices can alsohelp the patients. When a person has other psychiatric disorders, pharmacotherapy cantreat concurrent biological problems of the individual as well as reducing sexual andobsessive desires. In rare cases where the problem is very serious or causes legal conflicts,surgical treatment is recommended.

کلیدواژه ها:

Review ، Paraphilias ، Transvestic ، Justice ، Frotteurism