Strategies Used by Translators to Translate Metaphors in Hafez Poetry Based on Newmark’s (1988) Model

A metaphor is a comparison between two things that replaces the word or name for one object with that of another. Metaphors are commonly used throughout all types of literature, but rarely to the extent that they are used in poetry. The present study aimed to investigate the strategies used in translation of metaphors in Hafezpoem from Persian to English. The sample consisted of 100 metaphors extracted (through whole sampling) from 42 Qazals of Hafiz Diwan which were translated by 3 translators. To analyze the data, Newmark’s (1988) model was used. The findings revealed that each translator had used the six strategies significantly differently. Clarcke and Bicknell used Dead Metaphor strategy most.Shahriari used Stock Metaphor strategy most. The least frequently used strategies were Recent Metaphor (for Clarck), Recent and Original Metaphor (for Bicknell) and Original Metaphor (for Shahriari). In the whole data set, Dead Metaphor was the most frequent, and Recent and Original Metaphor, were the least frequent strategy types observed. The three translators were statistically the same in using each of the six strategies studied.These finding were in line with those reported by Yusefi (2009). English translators, students and teachers of translation could benefit from this study a lot

کلیدواژه ها:

Metaphor ، translation ، translation metaphor ، translation strategies ، literary translation