POST-GENOMIC MICROBIOLOGY

سال انتشار: 1393
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 680

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شناسه ملی سند علمی:

CIGS13_1136

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 7 بهمن 1393

چکیده مقاله:

It is not by accident that the first living entity for which the complete genome was known,Haemophilus influenzae was a prokaryotic microbe. Prokaryotes, both bacteria and archaea have many properties that make them appropriate to be dealt with genomic approaches. Their genomes are smalland compact (mostly composed of protein coding sequences) and have comparatively very little repeated sequence, what simplifies assembly and transcriptomic studies. Furthermore, most environmentally relevant bacteria and archaea are very hard to study in the laboratory, what leaves thegenomic approach as the main alternative to gain a significant understanding of their biology. I will cover different aspects of microbial (prokaryotic) genomics highlighting the insights that sequencing the genomes of microbes provides for understanding their biology. The new generation techniques tosequencing prokaryotic genomes have decreased the expenses required to get raw sequence, but to get a completely assembled genome is still challenging. However, the rewards are worthwhile since a completed genome is required for a proper analysis. Particularly for one of our main interests that ispopulation genomics. To compare closely related often very similar genomes requires a very precisereconstruction of the genomes. The combined power of genomics and metagenomics permits very reliable assessment of the ecological distribution of microbes and their population structure. One major advance of the development of prokaryotic genomics has been the description of the species pangenome.Prokaryotic species have large gene reservoirs from which their populations derive an amazing diversity of metabolic and ecological skills. The paradigm shift that understanding the magnitude and diversity of the prokaryotic species pan-genomes is still being assimilated bymicrobiologists worldwide, but it has changed the way we see microbes. It requires new theories and explanations to very basic questions, such as what are the evolutionary units of microbes or how do they interact. We favour a hypothesis in which a prokaryotic selection unit includes a complex consortium of clonal lineages that are connected by frequent genetic recombination and are equalized by their accompanying viral (bacteriophage) populations. Some data that favour this constant-diversity hypothesis will be illustrated.

نویسندگان

Francisco Rodriguez-Valera

División de Microbiología; Evolutionary Genomics Group; Universidad Miguel Hernández;San Juan de Alicante, Spain