Urogenital Schistosomiasis Associated Bladder Dysfunction and Its Trend in Iran

A parasitic water born trematode named Schistosoma haematobium release eggs predominantly in vessels surrounding the bladder leads to urogenital schistosomiasis. Schistosome eggs provoke inflammation contributing with chronic symptoms, granulomatous disease and fibrosis. The WHO has been categorized genital schistosomiasis as Class A carcinogens agents has potential of developing squamous cell carcinoma in the bladder (۱). A retrospective study illustrated significant reduction in number of S. haematobium infections between ۱۹۷۵ and ۲۰۱۳ in IRAN. Valid documents claimed that urogenital schistosomiasis has been eliminated in IRAN via selective population chemotherapy and snail control with ۰% incidence between ۲۰۱۲–۲۰۱۳. Moreover, bladder biopsy of patient with hematuria in Tehran as non-endemic area showed a definitive diagnosis of schistosomiasis that made serious challenge to claims regarding the eradication of schistosomiasis in Iran. Since no comprehensive epidemiological studies regarding this condition have been conducted in Iran since ۲۰۱۳, there are also widely conflicting views among specialists concerning its infection trend or eradication. We recommend comprehensive study especially in high-risk areas, containing near the Iraq border concerning schistosomiasis trend clarification in Iran. It is obvious that providing urologists with accurate and updates information regarding this infection helps prevent missed diagnoses and the subsequent failure to treat the patients with bladder cancer.

کلیدواژه ها:

Schistosoma haematobium ، Schistosomiasis ، Squamous Cell Carcinoma ، Transitional Cell Carcinoma ، Iran