Optimizing policy incentives and collaborative pathways for green intelligent buildings: An evolutionary game perspective on government, developers, and construction enterprises

Advancing Green Intelligent Buildings (GIBs) is critical for carbon reduction and the sustainable transformation of the construction sector. Government policy orientation and subsidy mechanisms are decisive in this evolution, yet optimal design and allocation remain insufficiently addressed. This study integrates evolutionary game theory with multi-scenario analysis to explore strategic interactions among governments, developers, and construction enterprises under varying incentives. Findings indicate that well-calibrated and stable subsidies stimulate developers to invest in GIB projects, pursue technological innovation, and reduce costs, while construction enterprises engage in management innovation and assume industry leadership. Conversely, ambiguous incentives or excessive fiscal burdens undermine stakeholders’ motivation to transition. Scenario analysis further demonstrates that shifting from unilateral to balanced multi-party incentives enhances fiscal sustainability, mitigates resource misallocation, and fosters coordinated upgrading. The scientific design, dynamic adjustment, and equitable distribution of incentives are essential to accelerating the construction industry’s green transformation.

کلیدواژه ها:

Green intelligent buildings ، evolutionary game ، policy orientation ، dynamic adjustment ، collaborative upgrading