Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal malignancy, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic agents. Cannabis has recently gained attention as a promising plant-derived source of bioactive compounds; however, most studies investigating the anti-tumor properties of Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) have focused on leaf extracts, leaving its seeds largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor potential of an ethanolic extract of C. sativa seeds against pancreatic cancer cells. Methods: An ethanolic extract of C. sativa seeds was prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The cytotoxicity of the extract on PANC-۱ (pancreatic cancer) and Human Foreskin Fibroblast (HFF) normal cells was assessed using the MTT assay (۳-(۴, ۵-dimethylthiazol-۲-yl)-۲, ۵-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). Colony formation and wound-healing assays evaluated the extract's impact on PANC-۱ colony formation and migration. Flow cytometry analysis assessed the cell cycle phase of PANC-۱ cells after treatment. Results: The extract selectively suppressed PANC-۱ proliferation without affecting HFF cell viability. It induced G۱-phase arrest and increased the sub-G۱ population in PANC-۱ cells, inhibited colony formation, shifted colony composition toward a paraclone-dominant phenotype, and reduced migratory capacity. Conclusion: Our in vitro findings demonstrate that C. sativa seed extract selectively inhibits PANC-۱ cell proliferation and reduces cell migration and clonogenicity while sparing normal cells, suggesting its potential as a plant-derived candidate for PDAC therapy.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cannabis sativa seed ، MTT assay ، Pancreatic cancer