A Review of Automated Blood Cell Counters: Structure, Operating Principles, and Clinical Applications

Over the past decades, hematology analyzers have undergone a significant evolution, transforming from rudimentary impedance-based counters into sophisticated, multi-parametric diagnostic platforms. This study presents a systematic review of the core technologies, advanced cellular parameters, and pivotal clinical applications that define the capabilities of these instruments in contemporary laboratory medicine. Drawing upon a systematic search of literature up to ۲۰۲۵, this review synthesizes foundational principles with cutting-edge innovations. Key technological advancements, persistent analytical challenges, and future trajectories are critically analyzed and presented to illuminate key trends in the field. The integration of foundational methods, such as the Coulter principle, with advanced techniques like fluorescence flow cytometry and, critically, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has markedly enhanced analytical accuracy and automation, thereby reducing the reliance on manual peripheral blood smear reviews. Advanced parameters, including [e.g., Ret-He, IPF], and novel Cell Population Data [e.g., MDW], are proving instrumental in the early and differential diagnosis of complex conditions such as anemias, sepsis, and hematologic malignancies. Despite these advancements, challenges such as analytical interferences (e.g., pseudothrombocytopenia) and a lack of nomenclature standardization across manufacturers persist. Looking ahead, hematology analyzers are rapidly transitioning from mere cell counters into intelligent clinical decision support systems. The future trajectory of this field is anchored in the development of total laboratory automation, the expansion of Point-of-Care Testing (POCT), and the deployment of sophisticated, Explainable AI (XAI) to deliver deeper and more reliable clinical insights.

کلیدواژه ها:

Hematology Analyzer ، Complete Blood Count (CBC) ، Flow Cytometry ، Artificial Intelligence (AI) ، Advanced Hematologic Parameters ، Point-of-Care Testing (POCT)