Leveraging Bagging Ensemble Architectures for the Automated Diagnosis of Dyslexia via Visual Task Paradigm Analysis

Dyslexia is a neurobiological learning disability that fundamentally impairs a child’s literacy acquisition, specifically manifesting as persistent deficits in reading and writing. Absent a timely diagnosis, the disorder precipitates profound psychological distress and academic marginalization for both the pediatric patients and their families. Furthermore, delayed intervention often results in cumulative achievement gaps that become increasingly difficult to bridge by secondary education. Consequently, early screening and clinical intervention are paramount to preserving student self-esteem and optimizing long-term academic trajectories. This study proposes an automated diagnostic framework utilizing a Bagging (Bootstrap Aggregating) ensemble learning approach to classify dyslexia in children. The methodology involves the rigorous preprocessing of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded across a ۱۹-channel montage. Feature extraction focused on the morphometry of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), specifically quantifying the amplitude and latency of key components. To address the "curse of dimensionality" inherent in the high-dimensional feature set, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was implemented for optimal feature reduction. To ensure the generalizability of the model and mitigate the risk of overfitting, a K-fold cross-validation strategy was employed during the training phase. Finally, the Bagging classifier was deployed to distinguish between dyslexic and neurotypical subjects. The proposed ensemble framework demonstrated robust performance, yielding an average classification accuracy of ۹۰.۶%. Notably, the model achieved a sensitivity rate of ۱۰۰%, ensuring no dyslexic cases were omitted, and a specificity of ۸۱.۲%, reflecting its capability to accurately identify neurotypical controls.

کلیدواژه ها:

dyslexia ، Electroencephalography (EEG) ، Ensemble Learning ، Machine Learning ، Event-related potential (ERP)