Triangulating Nutrigenomics, Microbiomics, and Metabolomics to Decode Exercise Adaptation, Optimize Performance, and Enable Personalized Nutrition (Integrating Multi-Omics Insights into Exercise Adaptation and Precision Nutrition)

The pursuit of optimal athletic performance has long been guided by generalized nutritional recommendations, yet the substantial individual variability in training responses and metabolic outcomes underscores the limitations of this paradigm. Recent advances in molecular profiling technologies have catalyzed a fundamental shift toward precision sports nutrition, leveraging the triangulation of nutrigenomics, microbiomics, and metabolomics to decode the complex interplay between genetic predisposition, gut microbial ecology, and dynamic metabolic responses during exercise. This review synthesizes current evidence on how these three omic domains collectively illuminate the mechanisms of exercise adaptation, enable real-time performance optimization, and facilitate truly individualized dietary strategies. We examine the contributions of genetic variants to nutrient metabolism and athletic potential, the role of the gut microbiome in modulating systemic physiology and recovery, and the utility of metabolic biomarkers for assessing training status and nutritional needs. Despite the promise of these approaches, significant barriers remain, including methodological heterogeneity, limited reproducibility, high implementation costs, and ethical considerations surrounding genetic data use. We conclude by outlining a roadmap for future research that prioritizes multi-omic integration, longitudinal study designs, and the development of accessible, practitioner-friendly tools to translate molecular insights into practical sports nutrition applications.

کلیدواژه ها:

nutrigenomics ، microbiomics ، metabolomics ، precision nutrition ، sports performance ، exercise adaptation ، multi-omics ، personalized nutrition.