TORCH Infections during Pregnancy: Clinical Significance, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management

TORCH infections are maternal infections that may cross the placenta or be transmitted to the newborn and cause miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, congenital abnormalities, neurological impairment, or neonatal disease. The acronym traditionally refers to Toxoplasmosis, Other infections, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes simplex virus (HSV). Maternal infection may be asymptomatic despite serious fetal consequences. Diagnosis should be based on clinical assessment, targeted laboratory testing, and, when indicated, fetal ultrasound and molecular testing. Prevention includes vaccination before pregnancy, food and hand hygiene, safer sexual practices, and appropriate prenatal screening. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management can reduce maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications

کلیدواژه ها:

TORCH infections ، pregnancy ، congenital infection ، toxoplasmosis ، rubella ، cytomegalovirus ، herpes simplex virus