Review of common scaffolds for bone and cartilage tissue engineering

Today, research in the field of tissue engineering is expanding on a large scale, so that tissue engineering has the potential to build organs and tissues. In order to improve the efficiency of cell and tissue culture in tissue engineering, it is necessary to create three-dimensional conditions of the body outside the body. To achieve this goal, the cells of the desired tissue are cultured on scaffolds. Scaffolds are structures based on materials found in the extracellular matrix that have undergone various treatments. Initially, these materials were only used to transport drugs and hormones to the body, but subsequent research showed that these materials have the ability to preserve, maintain and even transport cells to the body. The progress in the use of scaffolds in organ transplantation is rapidly increasing, and materials and structures similar to the target tissue are used to improve it. Research is ongoing to replicate cells on scaffolds to increase the efficiency of ۳D culture. For this purpose, it is necessary to simulate the internal environment, which is achieved by co-cultivating target cells and stromal cells. Bone is a tissue that shows high regeneration capacity, however, sometimes bone damage is very extensive, or the damage is such that spontaneous repair or even repair with the help of drugs and surgical interventions is not possible. Currently, bone grafts are used more for these problems, but these grafts are limited in use due to problems such as finding suitable graft tissue and immune reactions. In these cases, the damage can be repaired with the help of regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine, with the help of cell therapy and tissue engineering methods, creates a new solution for improving irreparable bone damage. Engineered structures help accelerate natural tissue healing, because in some bone injuries, the tissue loss is extensive and cannot heal naturally.

کلیدواژه ها:

Common scaffolds ، tissue engineering ، bone and cartilage