Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models in Dentistry: Current Applications, Challenges, Ethical Considerations, and Future Directions

Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as important technologies in dentistry, with potential applications in education, clinical decision support, research, documentation, patient communication, and service management. This study aims to critically review the current applications, benefits, limitations, ethical and legal challenges, and future directions of Generative AI and LLMs in dentistry. Relevant literature published in internationally recognized scientific databases was reviewed, with emphasis on dental applications and the requirements for responsible implementation. The findings indicate that Generative AI and LLMs can improve access to knowledge, support educational and research activities, facilitate documentation, enhance workflow efficiency, and assist evidence-oriented decision-making. However, limitations including inaccurate or unsupported outputs, algorithmic bias, data-privacy and security risks, uncertain legal responsibility, and potential overreliance require careful management and expert oversight. The review also identifies major research gaps, including limited clinical evidence, insufficient specialized dental models, and the absence of standardized evaluation frameworks. To address these gaps, the study proposes a five-stage conceptual framework covering objective definition, tool selection, expert validation, ethical and security compliance, and continuous monitoring and improvement. The framework provides a practical basis for the responsible and evidence-based integration of Generative AI into dentistry.

کلیدواژه ها:

Generative Artificial Intelligence ، Large Language Models ، Dentistry ، ChatGPT ، Clinical Decision-Making ، Dental Education ، AI Ethics ، Digital Health