Strategic Convergence of Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Internet of Things in Shaping Industry ۵.۰ and Next-Generation Smart Cities: An Advanced Systematic Review

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a pivotal enabler for Industry ۵.۰ and next-generation smart city infrastructures. This study presents a PRISMA-guided systematic review of ۸۲ peer-reviewed articles published between ۲۰۱۵ and ۲۰۲۵, retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The analysis highlights a dominant layered architecture in which IoT facilitates realtime data acquisition, Blockchain ensures decentralized security, transparency, and trust, and AI supports intelligent analytics and autonomous decision-making. Beyond synthesizing existing research, this study proposes a unified taxonomy of AI–Blockchain–IoT integration models, identifies critical research gaps, and outlines a conceptual roadmap for scalable, human-centric implementations in industrial and urban environments. Despite rapid advancements, challenges such as interoperability, energy efficiency, latency, scalability, and the lack of unified standards remain significant barriers to large-scale deployment. The findings provide actionable insights and strategic guidance for developing secure, efficient, and deployable integrated frameworks for real-world applications.

کلیدواژه ها:

artificial intelligence ، Blockchain ، internet of things ، Industry ۵.۰ ، Smart cities