An Integrated Modeling Framework for Evaluating Green Product Manufacturing Strategies: Economic and Environmental Insights Using Coloured Petri Nets

In recent years, green product manufacturing has been increasingly adopted by firms to reduce environmental impacts, improve corporate image, and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The shift toward green production is associated not only with lower pollution and resource use, but also with changes in costs, revenues, and overall economic performance. Although many studies have been conducted in this area, limited attention has been given to models that can examine different scenarios under uncertainty and at the same time evaluate their effects on firms’ revenues, costs, and the environment. In this study, Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs) are used to model the production-to-sales process of green and non-green products within a firm. Different scenarios are examined, and their effects on revenues, costs, and environmental conditions over time are evaluated. The proposed model can be used as a decision-support tool for selecting suitable green production strategies. The results show that better environmental and financial performance is achieved when only green products are produced. It is also found that when both green and non-green products are produced, better environmental and revenue outcomes can still be obtained if customer preference for green products is strong enough.

کلیدواژه ها:

Green manufacturing ، Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs) ، Sustainable production systems ، Economic and environmental performance ، Decision-support modeling