Integration of the online river water quality monitoring management framework based on inclusive governance

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Online river water quality monitoring systems are increasingly used to support pollution control. Nonetheless, the efficacy of these systems remains constrained by key technical and organizational challenges, namely high data variability, sensor instability, restricted interoperability, and decentralized institutional governance. These challenges reduce the trustworthiness of online data for evidence-based pollution control policy and decision-making. The study objectives were to develop an integrated framework to improve data quality, system performance, and coordination in the governance of online river water quality monitoring river water quality monitoring in watersheds across Indonesia.METHODS: A transdisciplinary methodological approach was applied by combining ۱) Integrated data quality management to assess data completeness, accuracy, validity span and stability; ۲) Key performance indicators measured by the analytical hierarchy process to evaluate the performance of online river water quality monitoring systems; and ۳) Soft systems methodology to build a governance-oriented conceptual model through rich descriptions, root definitions, conceptual models and evaluation of the ۳Es (efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness). This study analyzed environmental data collected between ۲۰۲۳ and ۲۰۲۵ from four monitoring stations representing the upstream and downstream reaches of the Ciliwung and Cisadane Rivers. To complement these quantitative findings, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a broad range of stakeholders, including government agencies, vendors, academics, researchers, the media, community-based non-governmental organizations, and local communities residing near the four stations.FINDINGS: An analysis of data quality demonstrated robust completeness (۹۹–۱۰۰ percent), highly variable non-zero completeness across all stations, high validity across the range for dissolved oxygen, hydrogen potential, and temperature (greater than ۹۵ percent), and large fluctuations in stability at stations affected by tidal and sediment dynamics. The system performance index was ۶۱.۱۸ percent. Synthesizing soft systems methodology highlighted key operational barriers, such as fragmented roles, low trust towards online data, and lack of community participation. Consequently, this study developed an online river water quality monitoring management framework designed to prioritize digital interoperability, transparency, accountability, and multi-stakeholder governance.CONCLUSION: The inclusive governance-based online river water quality monitoring framework provides an empirically informed conceptual framework for organizing data-quality, performance, and governance improvements, improved collaboration among government agencies. Subject to contextual adaptation and prospective validation, this framework offers valuable insights for management design in other watersheds, ultimately contributing to the advancement of digital environmental governance in developing nations.

کلیدواژه ها:

Data quality ، Inclusive governance ، Multi-stakeholder collaboration ، Online river water quality monitoring ، System performance