Viable and sustainable strategies to manage the oil spills in the marine ecosystem: A review

Oil spills in marine ecosystems remain a significant global environmental hazard, necessitating enduring, sustainable, and efficient mitigating measures. Historically, synthetic chemical dispersants—while initially economical—have demonstrated ecological dangers, often increasing toxicity in marine environments, as evidenced by substances such as Corexit. This recognition has redirected attention to eco-friendly alternatives that are non-toxic, biodegradable, and economically viable. Recent advancements highlight integrated sustainable methods, encompassing bioproduct utilization, microbial consortia, and interventions powered by nanotechnology. Nanoparticle (NP)-enhanced bioremediation is emerging as a viable technique, enabling tailored stimulation of marine oil-degrading microorganisms and enhancing degradation efficiency across diverse oil types and weathered environments. This study synthesizes existing knowledge on environmentally sustainable and biotechnological approaches for marine oil spill remediation, emphasizes the promise of nanoparticle-assisted microbial degradation, and delineates critical technological and research deficiencies. It seeks to offer a proactive approach to attaining zero environmental effect from unintentional oil spills in maritime ecosystems and their hazardous effects.

کلیدواژه ها:

Accidental oil spills ، Marine environment ، nanoparticles ، Bioremediation ، Sustainable approach