Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Maxillofacial Diagnostics: A Structured Narrative Review of Complementary Imaging and Image Fusion Applications

Introduction: Accurate imaging is essential for diagnosing and managing maxillofacial disorders. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides high-resolution assessment of osseous structures, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers superior soft tissue characterization. Accordingly, this structured narrative review critically evaluated the complementary applications of CBCT and MRI and examined the emerging role of CBCT-MRI image fusion in maxillofacial diagnostics. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published between January ۲۰۰۸ and May ۲۰۲۵. Relevant studies investigating complementary CBCT-MRI imaging or image fusion applications in oral and maxillofacial radiology were included in the review. Then, two reviewers independently screened eligible studies, and disagreements were resolved through discussion and final consensus with a senior author. Ultimately, the findings were narratively synthesized due to methodological heterogeneity. Results: Overall, evidence suggested that the complementary use of CBCT and MRI may improve diagnostic assessment in temporomandibular joint disorders, tumors, trauma, and surgical planning. It was found that CBCT-MRI fusion enables simultaneous visualization of osseous and soft tissue structures and may enhance diagnostic interpretation in selected clinical scenarios. However, the available evidence remains limited by heterogeneous methodologies, small sample sizes, and insufficient multicenter validation. Conclusion: CBCT and MRI provide complementary diagnostic information in maxillofacial imaging. In addition, CBCT-MRI fusion represents a promising multimodal imaging approach. Nonetheless, further standardized clinical studies are required before recommending routine clinical implementation.