Biomimetic Leaf-vein Microchannels with Embedded Vortex Generators for Ultra-efficient Cooling of High-power Semiconductor Lasers: A Synergistic Numerical and Experimental Study

Semiconductor lasers have been widely used in communication data, industrial manufacturing, medicine and pharmaceuticals, quantum technology, military defense, and scientific research. However, their performance and stability have always been constrained by the efficiency of thermal management. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel heat sink structure that incorporates vortex generators in biomimetic leaf-vein-shaped channels to enhance local heat transfer. Using FLUENT software, three-dimensional (۳D) numerical simulations were made to systematically analyze the effects of different Reynolds numbers (Re) of inlets and vortex generator arrangement angles on the cooling performance. The results indicate that the biomimetic leaf-vein channel structure itself can significantly reduce the working surface temperature under different Re, achieving a cooling effect of approximately ۱۰ K. After installation of vortex generators, compared to the case without them, the Nusselt number (Nu) increased by ۵.۵۶% to ۶.۲۸% under pure water conditions and by ۷.۲۳% to ۸.۱۲% under conditions Al۲O۳ nanofluid at various flow rates with a volume fraction of ۴%, resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution. The findings indicate that the Nu enhancement can be up to ۲۶.۴۳% when the orientation angle of the vortex generator varies from ۳۰° to ۷۰°. Simulation results show that vortex generators improve fluid heat transfer efficiency by improving the mixing between the mainstream flow and wall fluid, disrupting the thermal boundary layer, and increasing fluid disturbance. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, confirming that the designed structural model achieves improved cooling performance. This study provides a design reference for the structural optimization and efficient thermal management of semiconductor laser heat sinks.

کلیدواژه ها:

Semiconductor lasers ، Computational fluid dynamics ، Biomimetic leaf-vein-shaped channels ، Vortex generators ، Heat dissipation