Engineering of an Advanced Graphene/PANI/Au Ternary Electrocatalyst for High-Sensitivity Electrochemical Quantification of Oncological Biomarkers

The development of highly sensitive diagnostic platforms for the early detection of oncological biomarkers remains a cornerstone of effective clinical intervention. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of an advanced ternary electrocatalyst composed of graphene, polyaniline (PANI), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the ultrasensitive electrochemical quantification of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA). The synergistic integration of the high surface area of graphene, the excellent electrical conductivity of PANI, and the exceptional electrocatalytic activity of AuNPs facilitated rapid electron transfer kinetics at the electrode interface. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized ternary nanocomposite were systematically characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under optimized experimental conditions, the engineered biosensing interface demonstrated a wide linear response range from ۰.۰۵ to ۱۰۰ ng/mL, with an outstanding detection limit (LOD) of ۱۲ pg/mL. Furthermore, the developed sensor exhibited high selectivity in the presence of common interfering biological species, coupled with excellent reproducibility and long-term stability. This novel ternary electrocatalytic platform offers a promising strategy for low-cost, point-of-care clinical diagnostics and personalized medicine.

کلیدواژه ها:

Graphene ، Polyaniline ، Gold Nanoparticles ، Ternary Electrocatalyst ، Electrochemical Sensor ، Oncological Biomarker ، Carcinoembryonic Antigen ، Early Diagnostics