Green Synthesis of Pd-Decorated Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles Using Myrtus communis Leaf Extract: Assessing Dye Degradation Performance

The unregulated discharge of synthetic dyes and phenolic contaminants presents a considerable environmental risk, necessitating effective, recyclable, and sustainable remediation approaches. A Pd-decorated Fe۳O۴ nanocomposite (Fe۳O۴@M. communis/Pd NPs) was synthesized using a green method, employing Myrtus communis leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. Characterization of structural and morphological properties through FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, elemental mapping, and VSM demonstrated uniform incorporation of Pd, nanoscale morphology, and superparamagnetic behavior. The nanocomposite demonstrated significant catalytic activity for the reduction of methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and ۴-nitrophenol (۴-NP) using NaBH۴, achieving complete degradation of MO in approximately ۴۰ seconds, MB in approximately ۵ seconds, and selective conversion of ۴-NP to ۴-aminophenol within ۳۰ seconds. Mechanistic investigations indicate that Pd nanoparticles act as electron mediators, increasing electron transport from BH₄⁻ to contaminants. Importantly, the catalyst maintained high activity and structural integrity for six consecutive cycles, indicating excellent reusability and magnetic recoverability. These findings highlight Fe۳O۴@M.communis/Pd NPs as a strong, sustainable, and recyclable nanocatalyst with potential applications in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.

کلیدواژه ها:

Green synthesis ، Myrtus communis extract ، Pd-decorated Fe۳O۴ nanoparticles ، Dye degradation ، ۴-nitrophenol reduction ، Environmental remediation