Evolution of Lipid Nanoparticle in Regenerative Medicine: From Liposomes to Smart Gene Delivery Systems

Regenerative medicine primarily aims to improve the processes of tissue repair and regeneration and therefore requires the precise and targeted delivery of growth factors and nucleic acids to the desired tissues. Lipid nanoparticles have been developed as a new generation of drug carriers that can encapsulate therapeutic cargos within themselves, protect them against degradation, and provide controlled and sustained release. In this article, the evolution of lipid-based systems from liposomes to solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers is examined, with particular emphasis on their application in the delivery of growth factors and genes for the regeneration of damaged tissues. Key preclinical studies are also reviewed in which lipid nanocarriers have been used for the treatment of skin wounds, liver diseases, metabolic disorders, and neural injuries. Furthermore, the role of intelligent design of lipid composition, the development of ionizable and cationic lipids, and the integration of these carriers with biomaterials and tissue-engineered scaffolds in improving therapeutic efficacy is discussed. Challenges such as cytotoxicity, immunogenicity, efficiency of endosomal escape, large-scale production, and regulatory requirements are also analyzed, alongside emerging strategies including stimuli-responsive systems and integration with advanced biological platforms. Overall, lipid nanoparticle technology outlines a bright and promising outlook for the next generation of regenerative therapies.

کلیدواژه ها:

Lipid Nanoparticles ، Regenerative Medicine ، Smart Nano Delivery Systems