Charge separation engineering in self-oxygenating nano-heterojunctions with dual-mode therapeutic–chemotherapy nano hydrogen opens a new horizon in tumor therapy

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and Prodrugs represent innovative strategies for precise tumor treatment. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an advanced and safe approach for tumor therapy, but its development is limited by the low catalytic efficiency of sonosensitizers. A type II heterojunction of iridium complexes on mesoporous bismuth fluoride (BIP), modified with polyethylene glycol, enhances charge separation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and oxygen production under ultrasound, while depleting tumor glutathione to disrupt redox balance. This process induces apoptosis, ferroptosis, and immunogenic cell death, activates the immune system, and promotes dendritic cell maturation, T-cell infiltration, and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Prodrugs a BCZT/GO piezoelectric nanoconverter enables controlled activation of Pt (IV) prodrugs via ultrasound. This system induces the proton sponge effect to disrupt lysosomal membranes and generates hydrogen (H₂) in the acidic tumor microenvironment, converting Prodrugs into cytotoxic Pt (II) and forming DNA–cisplatin cross-links. This precise and controlled strategy inhibits tumor growth and provides a versatile, self-oxygenating, targeted, and tunable platform for advanced cancer therapy. Together, these complementary approaches offer a comprehensive, targeted, and immune-activating strategy for next-generation tumor treatment, simultaneously combining precise drug delivery with immune stimulation.

کلیدواژه ها:

Charge separation ، Tumor microenvironment ، Immunogenic cell death ، Targeted drug delivery ، Self-oxygenation