The association of mineral element concentrations and dietary habits with the risk of cardiovascular diseases: A random forest analysis

Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of death worldwide, with environmental and dietary factors significantly contributing to the development of these diseases. This study aims to examine how mineral element concentrations and dietary habits together affect CVDs risk.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of ۲۲۴ participants, including ۱۰۲ patients with CVDs and ۱۲۲ healthy controls aged ۳۵ to ۶۵ years from western Iran. Serum concentrations of ۱۱ mineral elements (aluminum (Al), boron (B), calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), potassium (K), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), phosphorus (P), and vanadium (V)) were measured using ICP-MS. Dietary habits were assessed using validated questionnaires, and Random Forest (RF) analysis and logistic regression were employed for statistical analysis.Results: The RF model demonstrated high predictive performance, with V, Li, Al, Mn, and Co emerging as the most influential mineral elements. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher serum V concentrations were significantly associated with CVDs (Odds ratio (OR) = ۸.۸۰, ۹۵% CI: ۵.۰۶۹–۱۵.۲۵۲), whereas the association between Li and CVDs was not statistically significant based on the reported confidence interval (OR = ۳.۳۲, ۹۵% CI: ۰.۴۳۱–۲۵.۴۶۷). Older age was also associated with higher odds of CVDs (OR = ۱.۲۰ per year). Among dietary factors, daily consumption of grilled foods (OR=۶.۴۳۵) and use of solid oil (OR=۱.۹۶۳) were associated with elevated risk.Conclusion: Serum V concentrations and selected dietary practices, particularly frequent consumption of grilled foods and use of solid oils, were associated with CVDs.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cardiovascular Diseases ، mineral elements ، Vanadium ، dietary habits ، Random forest ، logistic regression