Comparative insecticidal efficacy of conventional and ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extracts of different growth stages of Melia azedarach on mortality of Aphis fabae nymphs

The insecticidal effects of Conventional Ethanolic Extract (CEE) from five growth stages of Melia azedarach (including flower, small green fruit, big green fruit, ripe fruit, and leaf) on nymphs of Aphis fabae were investigated. In ۱-۲ day-old nymphs, no significant differences in mortality rates among the extracts were found, with the leaf extract showing the highest mortality rate of ۶۵.۲۴ ± ۵.۸۹%. In ۳-۴-day-old nymphs, the ripe fruit extract had the highest mortality rate at ۸۸.۵ ± ۲.۷۹%, while the small green fruit extract had the lowest at ۳۱.۸۳ ± ۴.۱۷%. Additionally, the insecticidal effects of ethanolic extracts from the five growth stages of M. azedarach were tested using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE). For ۱-۲-day-old nymphs, significant differences were noted between the control and ethanol treatments (P ≥ ۰.۰۰۰۱), with lower mortality than the extracts (P ≥ ۰.۰۰۰۰۱). The leaf extract recorded the highest mortality rate (۹۸.۰ ± ۱.۳۳%), while the big green fruit extract had the lowest (۸۷.۵ ± ۴.۶۱%). In ۳-۴ day-old nymphs, the results mirrored previous findings, showing significant differences (P ≥ ۰.۰۰۰۱) with higher mortality rates from the extracts (P ≥ ۰.۰۰۰۰۱). Again, the leaf extract had the highest efficacy (۹۶.۹ ± ۱.۳۰%), while the small green fruit extract had the lowest (۸۶.۸ ± ۴.۷۲%). When comparing the insecticidal effects of ethanolic extracts obtained through CEE and UAE on A. fabae, the data showed that, except in two cases, UAE significantly increased mortality rates compared with CEE (P ≥ ۰.۰۰۰۱).

کلیدواژه ها:

Botanical insecticides ، Conventional extraction ، Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) ، mortality ، Aphis fabae Scopoli