Pharmacy in Persian Medicine: A Historical Analysis of Hakim Afzal’s Manafe’e Afzaliyya in the ۱۷th Century AD

Persian Medicine (PM) is a traditional school of medicine with thousands of years of prolific history. One of the most important Persian medical books in the field of Pharmacy is “Manāfe’e Afzaliyya”. This research aims to conduct a comprehensive examination of pharmacy as described in Hakim Afzal’s Manāfe Afzaliyya. It is a descriptive-analytical study. Data were collected through library research and relevant primary sources, then systematically analyzed. The relationships among the research variables were examined, and the findings are presented herein. In this book, Hakim Afzal categorizes various drugs based on their origin and type and provides numerous clinical studies in the field of pharmacology. He elaborates on the tools and units of drug measurement and explains the methods of drug testing. He prescribes drugs based on bodily systems and emphasizes the influence of geography and climatic conditions on drugs, highlighting the importance of timing in successful pharmacology. The book “Manafe’e Afzaliyya” by Hakim Afzal is a valuable and reliable source in the field of pharmacy during the Safavid period, serving historical studies and contemporary research.

کلیدواژه ها:

Persian Medicine (PM) ، Hakim Afzal ، Manafe’e Afzaliyya ، History of Pharmacy ، Medical history ، Traditional medicine