The Future of Urology in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: From Algorithmic Performance to Clinical Transformation

Artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to influence how urological disease is detected, risk is estimated, procedures are performed, and clinical knowledge is accessed. Although multimodal clinical data are not unique to urology, the specialty provides a particularly relevant setting for AI because imaging, digital pathology, endoscopic visualization, robotic instrumentation, and longitudinal functional outcomes are closely connected to procedural decision-making. In diagnostic practice, AI may improve consistency and reduce false-positive interpretations when used alongside clinicians. Predictive models may support individualized counseling and treatment selection, while computer vision could enable real-time anatomical recognition, identification of caution zones, and objective assessment of operative performance. Large language models may facilitate guideline retrieval and knowledge synthesis, but their outputs require source grounding and clinical verification. These technologies should therefore be evaluated not only by discrimination or technical accuracy, but also by external validity, calibration, workflow compatibility, equity, and demonstrable effects on patient outcomes. AI should support, rather than eliminate, clinical judgment, professional accountability, and physician responsibility.

کلیدواژه ها:

Artificial intelligence ، urology ، Machine Learning ، precision medicine ، Endourology