Nano-Enhanced Antifungal and Antimycotoxigenic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Against Mycotoxigenic Fungi

The problem of mycotoxin contamination is considered one of the key threats to food safety, agricultural production, and public health worldwide. The current study aimed at exploring the antifungal and antimycotoxigenic properties of Ganoderma lucidum ethanolic extract (GLEE) and its nano-formulated version towards mycotoxigenic fungi in legumes, cereals, and nuts. Thirteen mycotoxigenic fungi, comprising such genera as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria, have been isolated by employing both morphological and molecular approaches, Aspergillus flavus being predominant in composition. The nano-formulation of GLE was based on the value of the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the crude extract (۲.۵ mg/mL). According to the data obtained, the MIC value of GLE was ۲ mg/mL and the MFC value amounted to ۲.۵ mg/mL, while the application of nano-formulation caused a decrease in those parameters to ۰.۵ mg/mL and ۱ mg/mL, correspondingly. Moreover, the HPLC analysis revealed an evident drop in the level of mycotoxin synthesis in the samples under investigation. It can be concluded that nano-formulation leads to an increase in the antifungal and antimycotoxigenic effects of Ganoderma lucidum extracts. Thus, nano-formulated G. lucidum can be regarded as a potentially useful approach to mycotoxigenic fungi control.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ganoderma lucidum ، Mycotoxins ، Nano-formulation ، Ethanolic extract ، Mycotoxin inhibition ، nanotechnology