Antibacterial Properties and Sonocatalytic Efficiency of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in the Degradation of Dye from Aqueous Solutions

Background: Reactive Red ۱۹۸, a monoazo dye, is one of the most common synthetic dyes used in textile industries. Its discharge into wastewater leads to serious environmental problems due to its stability and resistance to biodegradation. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are powerful methods with simple operation and high efficiency for the degradation of persistent organic compounds in the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the sonocatalytic and antibacterial performance of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles for the degradation of Reactive Red ۱۹۸ dye from aqueous solutions.  Methods: This experimental study was conducted on a laboratory scale. The effects of key parameters, including solution pH, initial catalyst concentration, oxidant dosage, and initial dye concentration, on the removal efficiency of Reactive Red ۱۹۸ were investigated. The dye concentration was measured at a wavelength of ۵۱۸ nm using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Under optimal conditions, the performance of various catalytic processes was compared, and the antibacterial activity of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was also assessed. Results:The optimal conditions were obtained at an initial dye concentration of ۱۵ mg/L, peroxymonosulfate concentration of ۶۰ mg/L, ZnO nanoparticle dosage of ۲ g/L, and pH = ۴. Under these conditions, a maximum dye removal efficiency of ۸۹.۶۹% was achieved after ۴۵ minutes. Moreover, the ZnO nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion: The incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles into the sonocatalytic process offers strong oxidation capability, high efficiency, and effective decomposition of refractory organic pollutants, making it a promising method for the removal of Reactive Red ۱۹۸ from textile wastewater. Furthermore, ZnO nanoparticles demonstrate potential for controlling and eliminating resistant bacterial strains in environmental applications.     Keywords: Antibacterial, sonocatalyst, zinc oxide nanoparticles, reactive red ۱۹۸ Acknowledgments: This study was supported by the North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. The authors wish to extend their sincere gratitude to all individuals who provided assistance and support throughout the conduct of this research. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests regarding the publication of this paper. Data and Materials Availability: The datasets and materials generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Consent for Publication: Not applicable. Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This article presents the findings of a project approved by the North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences (Ethics code: IR.KUMS.REC.۱۴۰۲.۰۶۸). Financial Disclosure: This study was derived from a research project approved by the Student Research Committee and was financially supported by the Vice-Chancellor for Research at Bojnurd University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. ۴۰۱۰۱۹۲). Authors' Contributions: All authors made substantial contributions to the design, execution of experiments, data analysis, and interpretation of the findings, and have given final approval to the version to be published. The individual contributions are as follows: Seyedeh Nastaran Asadzadeh: Project administration, scientific supervision, and final manuscript editing. Mobin Yasini: Conducting the experiments, drafting the manuscript, and methodology analysis. Mohaddeseh Heydari: Data curation and final interpretation of the results. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and accept responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of its content.

کلیدواژه ها:

Antibacterial ، sonocatalyst ، zinc oxide nanoparticles ، reactive red ۱۹۸ ، ضدباکتریایی ، سونوکاتالیستی ، نانوذرات اکسید روی ، راکتیو قرمز ۱۹۸