Hematological and Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles in Subjects with Type ۲ Diabetes Mellitus in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Objective: Type ۲ diabetes mellitus (T۲DM) is associated with chronic hyperglycemia and systemic inflammation, which contribute to hematological alterations and vascular complications. This study evaluated hematological indices, interleukin-۱β (IL-۱β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in individuals with T۲DM in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and examined their relationship with glycated hemoglobin (HbA۱c). Materials and Methods: This case-control study involved ۷۰ T۲DM patients (HbA۱c≥ ۶.۵%) and ۷۰ age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured enzymatically, HbA۱c by fluorescence immunoassay, complete blood count using an automated hematology analyzer, and cytokines by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism version ۸.۰.۲, with effect sizes reported and P≤ ۰.۰۵ considered significant. Results: T۲DM subjects had significantly higher FBG, HbA۱c, WBC, neutrophil percentage, and IL-۱β, and significantly lower RBC, lymphocyte percentage, PLT, and PCT (adjusted P< ۰.۰۵). IL-۱β was more than three-fold higher in diabetics, with a very large effect size. FBG increased significantly with longer disease duration (P= ۰.۰۰۸). HbA۱c correlated positively with FBG (P< ۰.۰۰۱) WBC (P= ۰.۰۴۴), MPV (P= ۰.۰۰۶), and PDW (P= ۰.۰۱۵), and negatively with MCV (P= ۰.۰۱۹) and Mixed WBC population (P= ۰.۰۰۱). Conclusion: This study simultaneously assessed complete blood count parameters alongside IL-۱β and TNF-α in the same cohort. The findings demonstrate that T۲DM in this population is characterized by clinically meaningful hematological and inflammatory alterations linked to poor glycemic control. Integrating routine complete blood count and selected inflammatory markers into diabetes monitoring may enhance early risk stratification, particularly in resource-limited settings. .

کلیدواژه ها:

Diabetes ، Blood cell count ، Interleukin-۱beta ، Inflammation