<span lang="EN">Developing a sensitive analytical method to measure lead in the fingernails of hypertensive and healthy individuals using ICP-OES in Karbala, Iraq

The application of methods to assess the correlation between trace elements and diseases has proliferated over the past few centuries. Fingernail samples were obtained from ۲۰۲ individuals residing in Karbala, Iraq, aged ۱۵-۷۵ years, comprising both healthy subjects and those with hypertension. Lead (Pb+۲) concentrations were ascertained employing inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The digested fingernails, prepared by traditional and microwave s and diluted with DW to ۱۰۰ mL before analysis. The influence of various factors, including health status, smoking behavior, gender, and interaction, on lead concentrations in washed fingernails was analyzed using the two-tailed t-test and F-test. The concentrations of Pb in washed fingernails of healthy individuals (۱.۶۶۳۸ ± ۱.۱۸۶۹ μgg-۱) were substantially lower compared to those in hypertension patients (۳.۲۷۸۶۴ ± ۱.۳۶۷۴۶۲ μgg-۱) at P≤ ۰.۰۵. The concentration of Pb in the fingernails of males (۲.۴۹۲۳ ± ۱.۴۳۴۰ μgg-۱) was higher than that of females (۲.۱۷۵۲۳ ± ۱.۳۹۸۷۲ μgg-۱, P≤ ۰.۰۵). The disparity in Pb concentrations between smokers (۲.۷۰۳۱۰±۱.۷۱۶۷۴۷ μgg-۱ and non-smokers (۲.۲۱۲۲±۱.۲۲۹۸ μgg-۱) was statistically insignificant at P > ۰.۰۵. In summary, Pb concentrations in the fingernails of ۲۰۲ individuals in Karbala, Iraq, were assessed, revealing considerably higher levels in hypertensive patients than in healthy participants and in males than in females. Also, the smoking and nonsmoking subjects have no significant impact.

کلیدواژه ها:

Lead ، Analysis ، fingernails ، Hypertension ، Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry