High-potential domestic and foreign varieties of fruit crops in Kazakhstan

The article presents the long-term results of the “Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit and Vegetable Growing” LLP on improving the assortment of fruit crops. The “State Register of Breeding Achievements Recommended for Use in the Republic of Kazakhstan” includes ۲۲ varieties of apple trees and ۳ varieties of pears. Over the past ۲۰ years, ۹۷ varieties of apple trees and ۲۵ varieties of pears have been transferred to the State Variety Testing; about ۵۰ varieties of apple trees have been brought into the gene pool of the “Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit and Vegetable Growing” LLP - Honey Crisp, Champion, Red Chive, Pink Lady, Samurlet, Quinty, Jenny Grent and others, ۲۱ varieties of pears - Lyra, Yesenevskaya, Muratovskaya, Cheremshina, Vrodliva, Claude Sablinsky, Williams and others. The introduced varieties were studied in the climatic conditions of the south and southeast of Kazakhstan for economically valuable traits such as early fruiting, productivity, adaptability, fruit quality, resistance to major diseases (scab, powdery mildew, and fire blight) and pests, etc. The article provide an economic and biological descriptions of ۷ apple and ۴ pear varieties of domestic selection, as well as ۵ apple and ۵ pear varieties of foreign selection. Data on their biological and economic indicators, and their suitability for intensive gardening technologies are presented. In addition, the paper analyzes the prospects for further improvement of the assortment due to the introduction of new varieties and breeding work. The results obtained can be used not only in scientific research, but also in the establishment of modern industrial gardens aimed at increasing the productivity and quality of fruit products.

کلیدواژه ها:

apple tree ، variety ، Winter hardiness ، Productivity ، Adaptability ، Fruit quality