A Review on Albinism and the Roles of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Its Various Aspects

In general, there are two primary forms of albinism, The first is Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), which describes a deficiency of pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair. OCA is an autosomal passive Disease on account of the complete nonappearance or lower of melanin biosynthesis in melanocytes. The second kind is ocular albinism, in which a lack of pigment solely affects the eyes. Eight OCA kinds (OCA۱–۸) with non-syndromic traits have been identified. In both consanguineous and sporadic albinism, molecular research found one locus (OCA۵) and seven genes (TYR, OCA۲, TYRP۱, SLC۴۵A۲, SLC۲۴A۵, C۱۰orf۱۱, and DCT) associated with the OCA phenotype. Albinism is characterized by variable hypopigmentation, ranging from absent to normal pigmentation, and ocular defects including foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve misrouting, iris and retinal hypopigmentation, nystagmus, and reduced visual acuity. As of right now, neither a medication nor an ophthalmologic operation can stop the clinical manifestations of OCA. There has never been a documented instance where the patient achieved normal pigmentation levels. But what is the impact of artificial intelligence on this disease? For students and patients with albinism, a hereditary disorder that causes visual impairments and cognitive difficulties, artificial intelligence can help ensure inclusive education. We come to the conclusion that in order to ensure a fair and successful learning environment, the ethical and neuro-educational ramifications of the responsible adoption of AI in inclusive settings must be carefully considered.

کلیدواژه ها:

Albinism ، AI ، OCA ، Artificial Intelligence ، Melanin biosynthesis