Recent advances in the synthesis, properties, and applications of thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride): A review

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most widely used thermoplastic polymers owing to its low cost, excellent processability, and broad industrial applications. However, its poor thermal stability remains a major limitation during processing and long-term service, as thermal degradation leads to dehydrochlorination, discoloration, deterioration of mechanical properties, and formation of conjugated polyene sequences. Consequently, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly thermal stabilizers has become an important research area. This review summarizes recent advances in organic and inorganic thermal stabilizers for PVC. Organic stabilizers including maleimides, Schiff bases, hydrazides, thiols, polyols, phenolic compounds, tannin derivatives, vanillin-based compounds, and heterocyclic derivatives have demonstrated excellent stabilization efficiency through HCl scavenging, replacement of labile chlorine atoms, radical trapping, and suppression of polyene formation. Inorganic stabilizers such as layered double hydroxides (LDHs), hydrotalcites, calcium carbonate, rare-earth salts, and hybrid nanostructured additives improve thermal stability mainly through HCl adsorption and neutralization. Particular attention is given to bio-based stabilizers, ionic liquids, organosilicon compounds, and multifunctional additives possessing antibacterial, flame-retardant, and photostabilization properties. Comparative analysis indicates that hybrid stabilization systems combining organic and inorganic components often exhibit significant synergistic effects, leading to enhanced thermal stability, improved color retention, and reduced environmental impact. Future research is expected to focus on sustainable bio-based stabilizers, multifunctional nanocomposites, rare-earth compounds, and environmentally benign synergistic formulations capable of replacing conventional lead-containing stabilizers.

کلیدواژه ها:

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) ، Green stabilizers ، Hybrid stabilizers ، Bio-based additives ، Polymer Additives