Proportions between religion and the state in Pakistan

The relationship between religion and the state has been one of the most persistent problems of Pakistani political development since the country's founding in ۱۹۴۷ as the first modern state established explicitly on an Islamic basis. This study examines the evolution of religion-state relations in Pakistan, focusing on the intellectual contribution of Abul A'la Maududi, whose doctrine of divine sovereignty (hakimiyyat-i ilahi) reconciled the vocabulary of modern statehood with the claim that legislative authority belongs to God alone. Adopting a historical-documentary approach, the research draws on constitutional texts, judicial decisions, Maududi's writings and secondary scholarship, employing process tracing and thematic analysis to trace how these ideas moved from intellectual debate into legal and political institutions between the ۱۹۳۰s and the present. The findings show that Maududi's influence operated mainly through ideational and institutional diffusion rather than direct political control, from the Objectives Resolution of ۱۹۴۹ through the constitutions of ۱۹۵۶, ۱۹۶۲ and ۱۹۷۳, reaching its fullest expression under General Zia-ul-Haq, when the Federal Shariat Court, the Council of Islamic Ideology, the Hudood Ordinances and the zakat and ushr system embedded Islamic principles within the machinery of the state. The study argues that this process produced a hybrid political order combining democratic procedures and modern legal structures with religious sources of legitimacy, challenging linear secularization theory while intensifying sectarian contestation. Maududi's lasting significance, the study concludes, lies less in the electoral fortunes of Jamaat-e-Islami than in the enduring conceptual framework he provided for reconciling Islam with the modern state.

کلیدواژه ها:

Constitution ، Pakistan ، Proportions ، Religion ، State