Urban Green Spaces: Environmental, Social, and Economic Benefits and Challenges

Green spaces are increasingly recognized as essential components of urban sustainability. They contribute to environmental quality, human health, biodiversity, and climate regulation. This review explores the significance of urban green spaces, their ecological and social benefits, challenges in their implementation, and future perspectives for sustainable urban planning. With cities facing rapid population growth, pollution, and climate change, innovative approaches such as green walls, green roofs, and smart irrigation systems are highlighted as critical strategies to maximize the potential of green infrastructure. Urbanization has transformed landscapes worldwide, resulting in a significant decline in natural green areas. Green spaces, including parks, gardens, green roofs, and vertical green walls, are increasingly viewed as vital infrastructure that supports environmental and social well-being. They provide multiple ecosystem services, including improved air quality, temperature regulation, and enhanced biodiversity. This review synthesizes recent findings on the role of green spaces in cities and emphasizes their multifunctional value for sustainable urban development.

کلیدواژه ها:

Urban green spaces ، Sustainability ، Environmental quality ، Biodiversity ، Green roofs ، Vertical gardens ، Urban planning