Internet of Things and Its Convergence with Digital Twin Technology

The convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Digital Twin (DT) technology represents a significant advancement in modern computer engineering. IoT enables real-time data acquisition from physical devices through interconnected sensors and communication networks, while Digital Twins create dynamic virtual representations of these physical systems. Their integration allows continuous synchronization between physical assets and digital models, enabling monitoring, simulation, predictive maintenance, and automated control. This paper presents a layered architecture for IoT-Digital Twin systems, including physical sensing, communication protocols, edge/fog computing, cloud analytics, and application layers. It also examines bidirectional data exchange mechanisms that support closed-loop optimization. Key enabling technologies such as MQTT, ۵G, edge computing, and artificial intelligence are discussed in relation to scalability, latency, and security challenges. Applications in smart manufacturing, healthcare, smart cities, and energy systems demonstrate the transformative potential of IoT-enabled Digital Twins. The study concludes that this convergence forms a core foundation for Industry ۴.۰ and future cyber-physical systems.

کلیدواژه ها:

Internet of Things ، Digital Twin ، Edge Computing ، Cyber-Physical Systems ، Industry ۴.۰