Scarlet Fever in Children: Clinical Features, Streptococcal Exotoxins, and Therapeutic Approaches

Scarlet fever is a childhood infectious disease caused by Group A beta- hemolytic Streptococcus. Its hallmark presentation includes fever, pharyngitis, and the characteristic "sandpaper-like” rash. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, the role of streptococcal exotoxins, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies. Timely diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy remain crucial to prevent serious complications such as rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.