Neonatal Cholestasis: Introduction, Diagnosis, and Management

Introduction Neonatal cholestasis is a significant clinical syndrome characterized by impaired bile flow in infants during the first few months of life. It results in the accumulation of conjugated bilirubin and bile acids in the liver and bloodstream, leading to jaundice and potential liver damage. Early diagnosis is critical since prolonged cholestasis can cause irreversible hepatic injury, including fibrosis and cirrhosis. The differential diagnosis is broad, encompassing biliary atresia, neonatal hepatitis, metabolic disorders, infections, and genetic diseases. Among these, biliary atresia is the most urgent to diagnose due to the necessity for early surgical intervention. Body The diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis requires a systematic approach involving clinical evaluation, laboratory tests such as liver function panels, imaging studies (ultrasound, hepatobiliary scintigraphy), and sometimes liver biopsy. Distinguishing between extrahepatic obstruction and intrahepatic causes guides treatment strategies. Management includes treating the underlying cause, nutritional support with fat-soluble vitamin supplementation, and monitoring for complications. Conclusion Neonatal cholestasis is a pediatric hepatology emergency that requires prompt identification and intervention to prevent long-term liver damage. A multidisciplinary approach and timely referral to specialized centers enhance patient outcomes. Early differentiation between biliary atresia and other causes is essential for appropriate management.

کلیدواژه ها:

Neonatal cholestasis ، jaundice ، biliary atresia ، liver function tests ، pediatric hepatology