Emerging Technologies and Childhood Vaccination Coverage: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Achieving and sustaining elevated vaccination rates remains a significant challenge in various regions. Recent advancements in technology, including mobile applications, telemedicine, and blockchain, have demonstrated potential in enhancing immunization rates by addressing issues related to accessibility, monitoring, and patient engagement. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of innovative technological interventions in increasing childhood vaccination coverage. Methods: This systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines to ensure transparency. A comprehensive search was conducted for English-language articles published between January ۱, ۲۰۱۹, and April ۲۸, ۲۰۲۵, utilizing keywords such as "Vaccination Coverage," "Child," "Technology," and "Blockchain" across databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. From an initial pool of ۱۲۵,۸۷۴ articles, ۳۹,۲۷۶ duplicates were eliminated. Following the application of inclusion criteria (human studies, free full text, observational studies, and randomized controlled trials) and exclusion criteria (non-English articles and animal studies), a total of ۲۴ studies were selected for analysis. Results: The reviewed studies indicate that technological interventions significantly enhance vaccination outcomes. Mobile applications that provide reminders and educational content have increased immunization coverage by ۱۰% to ۲۲% (p ۰.۰۵). Telemedicine systems have facilitated remote consultations, resulting in a ۵% to ۱۰% improvement (۹۵% CI: ۳%-۱۲%). Furthermore, blockchain applications have improved data transparency and reliability, with adoption rates rising by ۸% (p ۰.۰۱). Overall, these emerging technologies have enhanced vaccine tracking, strengthened caregiver interactions, and reduced missed immunization opportunities by up to ۲۵% (p ۰.۰۵). Conclusion: Emerging technologies present substantial opportunities for enhancing child immunization programs. Mobile health and telehealth have effectively addressed traditional barriers, while blockchain technology improves data security and fosters trust. Nonetheless, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, data privacy concerns, and regulatory hurdles remain. Future research should focus on scalable, user- centered solutions to ensure equitable access.

کلیدواژه ها:

Vaccination Coverage ، Children ، Technology ، Mobile Applications ، Telemedicine