Hemodynamic Simulation of Chronic Hyperglycemia: A Mathematical Approach to Blood Flow Velocity and Vascular Resistance in Diabetes Mellitus

Indeed, diabetes mellitus, through its chronic effect of hyperglycemia, poses a serious threat to the integrity as well as functionality of the circulatory system. The aim of this review is to explore the complex mechanisms through which the adverse effects of chronic hyperglycemia result in the impairment of the speed as well as the efficiency of blood flow, ultimately leading to a host of clinical implications. From a critical review of existing literatures, it appears that there is a significant increase in vascular resistance owing to a host of mechanisms brought into play concomitantly with hyperglycemia, such as endothelial damage, reduction in the production of nitric oxide, generation of advanced glycosylation products resulting in accelerated atherosclerosis, increase in viscosity and stickiness of blood, as well as reduction in the flexibility of erythrocytes. Collectively, these factors result in a delayed speed of circulation with a specific emphasis on the critical capillary bed required for the perpetuation of tissue viability. The consequent effect results in a disruption in tissue oxygenation as well as nutrient delivery, thereby laying the groundwork for the onset of a host of serious micro-and macro-vascular complications in the context of atherosclerotic lesions involving the larger as well as smaller blood vessels, such as ischemic heart disease, strokes, neuropathy, retinopathy, as well as nephropathy, respectively. The findings from the above-noted investigation re-emphasize the importance of a multi-modality approach in the management of a patient suffering from the afore-mentioned disease, with specific emphasis on meticulous control of blood glucose, attention to blood pressure and lipids, lifestyle modification, and reduction in a host of risk factors as a sine qua non towards preventing the host of deleterious effects brought into play on a background of vascular injury as a sequela to the existing circulatory disease, keeping in view its universal implications warranting a host of interventions to prevent its disabilities in a patient suffering from a serious disease with hitherto unexplored implications in the context of its pervasive effects.

کلیدواژه ها:

Diabetes Mellitus ، Blood Flow Hemodynamics ، Viscosity and Non-Newtonian Behavior of Blood ، Vascular Microcirculation ، Modified Poiseuille and Casson Models