Nano Biotherapy as a Novel Approach to Combat Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancers in the world with high mortality rate. The objective of this research is to evaluate of the effect of chitosan nanocomposite conjugated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (CT/BCG NP) on some signaling cascades in colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-۲) cell. The CT/BCG NP were prepared using the ionotropic gelation technique, and charge, size, morphology, and composition of nanocomposite were determined by ZP, DLS, SEM, TEM, and FTIR. The toxicity and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of nanocomposite was calculated using the MTT test and a standard curve, respectively. Real-time qPCR technique was used to evaluate of CRC-related signaling pathways. The size of CT/BCG NP approximately was ۱۸۸۰ nm. SEM and TEM images showed a significant increase in size of CT/BCG NP compared to CT NP alone. The EE of CT/BCG NP was determined ۸۴%. CT/BCG NP led to the upregulation of caspase-۹ gene expression (p <.۰۵), whereas significantly downregulated the expression of B-catenin, HES۱, and Gli۲ and PI۳K genes (p<.۰۵). The study highlights the combination of biotherapy and nanotherapy can serve as an effective strategy against CRC disease.

کلیدواژه ها:

BCG ، Chitosan ، Colorectal cancer