A review on presence of coronavirus in wastewater and progress of nanotechnology solutions

Background and Aim: Human pathogenic viruses in wastewater are usually found at low concentrations, necessitating the need to concentrate large volumes of wastewater to accurately quantify the virus signal. In addition, new methods for monitoring SARS-CoV-۲ in wastewater need to be developed, as existing virus concentration methods are designed for enteric and non-enveloped viruses, whose structure is significantly different compared to enveloped respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-۲. One of the most important applications of nanomaterials is the prediction and treatment of viruses in wastewater. Nanomaterials have unique properties, which characterise them as excellent materials to be applied in the manufacturing of sensors, spectrum devices, and techniques used in detecting, treating, and eliminating viruses from wastewater. This review presents a brief overview of wastewater-based epidemiology, coronavirus in wastewater, and nanotechnology based on a literature search. Method: In this review study the articles were searched in Medline and PubMed database using keywords such as Coronavirus, Covid-۱۹, Respiratory viruses, Nanoparticles and Wastewater. Results: WBE is a less expensive and less challenging method of monitoring communities compared to clinical trials, which does not require the selection of subjects, allows monitoring the development of new strains before clinical trials, and is an unbiased and non-invasive surveillance tool to identify patients, in which all symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals are examined. Nanosensors have been applied in several fields, laboratory medicine, and water examinations. An example of these materials is silver NPs that can be used as flow-through Raman scattering sensors for water quality detection and monitoring. Conclusion: Early and rapid detection of coronaviruses in water helps to contain the infection more easily. In wastewater treatment, nanotechnology offers an exciting opportunity to improve efficiency and affordability through the use of nanomaterials. These materials possess small sizes, high reactivity, precise.

کلیدواژه ها:

Wastewater ، Coronavirus ، nanotechnology ، respiratory viruses ، SARS-COV-۲