Smart Thermal Insulation with IoT Integration for External Wall Performance Monitoring in Hot-Arid Climates

A significant share of energy consumption is related to the construction industry, and one of the critical energy challenges in hot and dry climates is the need for cooling. External walls, as the heat exchange boundary between the indoor and outdoor environments, play a decisive role in reducing the cooling load of a building. Conventional thermal insulation materials have a static performance to cope with the heat challenge of this climate and do not adapt to environmental changes. This paper investigates the role of smart thermal insulation based on the Internet of Things (IoT) in monitoring and optimizing the thermal performance of external walls with an emphasis on reducing the cooling load in hot and dry climates. A structured analytical approach describes the challenges of this climate and discusses the key role of the external wall. This paper introduces conventional insulations and their limitations, and then discusses smart insulation systems including phase change materials, dynamic insulation, replaceable insulation, aerogels, and vacuum insulation panels. Here, the need for a real-time purifier for this smart system is investigated and then the integration with IoT technology is discussed. The architecture of the IoT system is reviewed with a focus on sensor network architecture, real-time data collection, adaptive control mechanisms, and cooling load optimization. The study showed that smart thermal insulation systems can save ۲۲–۵۰% of energy consumption annually compared to conventional static insulation. IoT integration enables real-time monitoring of important indicators such as surface temperature, heat flux, and U-value. IoT integration with smart insulation, especially PCM and replaceable insulation, improves the thermal performance of the wall. It is concluded that the combination of smart thermal insulation and IoT monitoring offers a promising solution to address the growing challenge of cooling energy in hot and dry regions.

کلیدواژه ها:

IoT ، External Wall ، Cooling Load ، Hot Arid Climate ، Smart Thermal Insulation