Development of a Self‑Powered Piezoelectric Sensor for Continuous Monitoring of Pipelines

National energy security depends on the integrity of oil and gas pipelines, but traditional monitoring systems use batteries, which are expensive to maintain and unsuitable for remote and dangerous locations. In this work, a self-powered sensor node that uses a piezoelectric transducer to capture vibrational energy from pipelines is designed and experimentally validated. An energy harvester, a wireless sensor module, and an ultra-low-power power-management circuit make up the system architecture. Using finite-element simulations, a cantilever beam with a PZT-۵A element was tuned to resonate at ۲۶ Hz, which corresponds to the predominant vibration frequencies (۲۰–۲۰۰ Hz) found in pipelines. A natural frequency of ۲۷.۷۳ Hz was confirmed by prototyping and shaker-table testing, which also showed open-circuit voltages of up to ۵.۴ V in a lab setting. A power-management circuit based on the LTC۳۵۸۸-۱ rectified and regulated the harvested AC energy to ۳.۳ V, allowing the node to power wireless transceivers and sensors without the need for batteries. The findings show that a reliable, maintenance-free pipeline monitoring system can be produced by fusing high-efficiency electronics with optimised mechanical design. Future research will concentrate on reducing the system's size, creating durable enclosures, and carrying out extended field tests to confirm functionality in actual settings.

کلیدواژه ها:

self‑powered sensor ، pipeline monitoring ، piezoelectric energy harvesting ، wireless sensor networks ، structural health monitoring ، energy harvesting techniques ، ultra‑low‑power electronics