Biopolymers in Electric Vehicle Lightweighting: A Review on Sustainable Materials for Reducing Weight and Environmental Impact

The transition to Electric Vehicles (EVs) is increasingly recognized as essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, lowering dependence on fossil fuels, and meeting global climate commitments. A central challenge in EV development lies in achieving both high performance and sustainability, particularly through the use of lightweight materials that can extend driving range and improve energy efficiency. Biopolymers and bio-based composites are emerging as promising candidates due to their renewable origin, biodegradability, and favorable mechanical behavior. In automotive applications, natural-fiber-reinforced composites have demonstrated significant weight reduction in components while maintaining stiffness, safety, and acoustic performance. Their versatility is further evident in fields such as packaging, biomedical engineering, and construction, where they provide barrier, antimicrobial, and thermal functionalities. Despite remaining challenges related to thermal stability, flammability, and long-term durability, advances in hybrid composites, nanofillers, and processing methods continue to improve performance. Life-cycle assessments underscore their potential to reduce environmental impact and support circular economy goals. The growing necessity for EV adoption, combined with the integration of sustainable materials, offers a clear pathway toward cleaner mobility and long-term decarbonization.

کلیدواژه ها:

Electric Vehicles ، Thermal stability ، Flammability ، Durability ، Biopolymers ، Decarbonization