Ḥaqq in the Qur’an as a Fitting Existential Position: An ‎Ontological Introduction to Re‑reading the Qur’anic Moral Order ‎on the Basis of the Theory of Existential Fittingness

This study seeks to elucidate the ontological foundations of ethics in the Qur’an through a re‑reading of the central concept of Ḥaqq in light of the Theory of Existential Fittingness. Formulated in response to the challenge of grounding moral value while avoiding reductionist approaches, this theory conceives value as an objective reality arising from a fitting existential relationship among beings—one in which each being occupies its proper place. In this perspective, ethics may be understood as the extension of the wise order of being into the sphere of human voluntary action. The central question of the article is whether the Qur’anic concept of Ḥaqq can be understood as expressing this existential worthiness and as articulating the principle that regulates the relations constitutive of the world. Adopting a descriptive–analytical method, the study employs the Theory of Existential Fittingness not as an a priori interpretive presupposition but as a posteriori explanatory framework for understanding Qur’anic data. Following a semantic analysis of Ḥaqq, the article examines its Qur’anic usages across three horizons: creation, becoming (takwīn), and resurrection (qiyāmah). The findings indicate that in the Qur’anic logic Ḥaqq extends beyond mere propositional truth and denotes existential worthiness. In the horizon of creation, Ḥaqq signifies the principle of the wise establishment of the world and the negation of futility. In the horizon of becoming (takwīn), it functions as the criterion of endurance and perishing, such that Bāṭil represents an unfitting realization destined to vanish. In the horizon of resurrection, Ḥaqq is manifested in the weighing of deeds, where the value of each human action is measured according to the degree of existential fittingness it embodies. Ultimately, the study argues that this re‑reading presents the Qur’anic moral order not as a merely conventional construct but as the reflection of an ontological law rooted in the objective structure of reality. By bridging the is–ought gap, this approach provides a robust framework for resisting moral relativism within the Qur’anic paradigm.

کلیدواژه ها:

Qur’an ، Ḥaqq ، theory of existential fittingness ، ethical theory ، Ontological Foundations of Ethics ، Qur’anic moral order