Applications of growth factors in adipogenesis: Tissue engineering and therapeutic implications

Adipogenesis, as a completely regulated and multistep process, plays a role in the formation and renewal of adipocytes. This process involves the commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to the adipocyte lineage and their subsequent differentiation into mature adipocytes. The control of adipocyte differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and functional maturation is mediated by growth factors acting through complex signaling networks. The factors regulate transcriptional programs mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins, as well as pathways such as PI۳K/Akt, MAPK, and SMAD signaling. Given that growth factors are known to improve healing and angiogenesis, regulating their levels affects diseases related to tissue function. The effects of Key growth factors such as insulin,insulin-like growth factors, fibroblast growth factors, transforming growth factor-β, bone morphogenetic proteins, platelet-derived growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor on adipogenesis are distinct and sometimes opposing. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of growth factors in the medical and metabolic diseases discussed and discusses potential drug therapies for tissue engineering.

کلیدواژه ها:

Adipose tissue modulation ، Transforming growth factor-&beta ، Proliferator-activated receptor-&gamma ، CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins ، MAPK signaling ، SMAD signaling